Land Sakalava<\/a>.
\nThese institutions experienced a relative decline with the disappearance of kingship at the end of the 19th century.<\/p>\nReconquest of the \"Tromba\" and the crisis of society<\/h3>\n
Despite the importance of the Christianization movements and the collapse of the old political systems, possessive cults have continued.<\/p>\n
![\"Le](\"https:\/\/cdn.generationvoyage.fr\/2016\/05\/tromba-madagascar.jpg\")
We are even witnessing the proliferation of \"brotherhoods\" or families of the possessed, to which a large clientele, recruited from all social classes, comes to seek advice on the most diverse problems.
\nIn the face of the collapse of the old economic balance, the breakup of lineage organizations, and the consequent weakening of traditional religious solidarity and values, each brotherhood appears as a new place for speech, mutual aid, and conviviality.<\/p>\n
In their quest for a better future for themselves and their loved ones, each of them often vacillates between these communities and the Christian churches.<\/p>\n
Ritual of the \"Tromba<\/h3>\n
The ceremony, surrounded by many \"dubious\" (forbidden) people, lasts from half an hour to several days, depending on the problem treated.<\/p>\n
Offerings are made to the invoked spirit according to his personality (cloth, bottle of rum, money).<\/p>\n
It is called by singing and clapping hands.<\/p>\n
The spirit manifests and gives its advice through the voice of the possessed person, who should not remember anything after the session.<\/p>\n
Ritual of the \"Bilo<\/h3>\n
An exhausted, melancholic, even desperate patient, driven by evil and resisting all treatment, is said to be inhabited by an evil spirit.<\/p>\n
The ancestors of the lineage will manifest in a dream with one of his parents and the sick person will be declared \"bilo\" (in great danger).<\/p>\n
To save him, he must be \"elevated\" to the rank of ancestor by placing him on a platform made for the occasion.<\/p>\n
Drive out the evil<\/h3>\n
The \"bilo\" chooses an ox from the herd of the lineage, a sign of affection from his ancestors and a guarantee of his survival, which will remain his lifelong companion. Then a statuette is made, the image of the \"bilo\" to which the evil that inhabits it is transferred before being abandoned at a river.
\nThe affection for healing<\/p>\n
Southern ritual in Madagascar<\/h3>\n
The week-long Bilo ritual brings the whole family together. The patient dances day after day to the sounds of an accordion or zither, a drum and women's songs. He is honored and celebrated like a prince. He does not have to do anything, everyone is at his service.<\/p>\n
\nHealing and restoration of the order<\/h3>\n
On the last day, an ox is sacrificed to the ancestors and its cooked liver is given to the \"Bilo\" on the platform ![\"RIJASOLO](\"https:\/\/d3e1m60ptf1oym.cloudfront.net\/23c3a80e-9bb3-494f-a53e-2668a335b152\/000_TROMBA_RIJASOLO_xlarge.jpg\")
sacrificed.<\/p>\n
He eats part of it and distributes the rest to the family members gathered at his feet, as the living do at the feet of their dead relatives at the time of prayer.
\nThe family gathered around the \"bilo\", the ancestors were honored.<\/p>\n
As the social rules were reaffirmed, the disease of \"bilo\" - an expression of the tensions that troubled the lineage - dissipated and the balance of the group was restored.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Besessenheits- und Exorzismusrituale in Madagaskar In Madagaskar sorgt die Deutung der kleinsten Alltagsereignisse durch Tr\u00e4ume, Opfer und Besitz f\u00fcr einen st\u00e4ndigen Dialog zwischen den Verstorbenen und ihren Nachkommen. Die Ph\u00e4nomene der Besessenheit, die unter dem Gattungsnamen Tromba bekannt sind, haben in k\u00f6niglichen Institutionen, therapeutischen Ritualen und bestimmten Abstammungszeremonien schon immer einen uranf\u00e4nglichen Platz eingenommen. Dieser […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":12437,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"class_list":["post-13984","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultur-und-tradition","blog-level-blog-child-2"],"featured_image_url":"https:\/\/www.urlaub-auf-madagaskar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/592A3580_renamed_22191.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.urlaub-auf-madagaskar.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13984","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.urlaub-auf-madagaskar.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.urlaub-auf-madagaskar.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.urlaub-auf-madagaskar.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.urlaub-auf-madagaskar.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13984"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.urlaub-auf-madagaskar.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13984\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.urlaub-auf-madagaskar.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12437"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.urlaub-auf-madagaskar.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13984"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.urlaub-auf-madagaskar.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13984"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
![\"MADAGASCAR](\"https:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/_BPZLp545q14\/RfaPHwwqoRI\/AAAAAAAABSY\/5Nf8fza2ud4\/s400\/gse_multipart6816.jpg\")
The phenomena of possession, known by the generic name of Tromba, have always occupied a primordial place in royal institutions, therapeutic rituals, and certain descent ceremonies.